Roman Numerals

Roman numerals are combinations of seven letters

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Roman numerals are combinations of the seven letters

·         I = 1

·         V = 5

·         X = 10

·         L = 50

·         C = 100

·         D = 500

·         M = 1000

Roman numbers are expressed by adding or subtracting combinations of the number values of the letters.

·         smaller numbers before larger numbers are subtracted

·         smaller number after larger numbers are added

Note that Roman numerals are without zero.

Large numbers are indicated with horizontal lines above them. With a horizontal line the number should be multiplied by 1,000.

Example - the Roman number 51

·         LI => 50 + 1 = 51

Example - the Roman number 9

·         IX => -1 + 10 = 9

Example - Years

·         MCMLXXXII => 1000 + (-100 + 1000) + 50 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 1 + 1  = 1982

·         MCMLXXVII => 1977

Example - Large Roman Numbers

·         V => 5 x 1,000 = 5,000

Example - some common Roman numbers

·         1 = I

·         2 = II

·         3 = III

·         4 = IV

·         5 = V

·         6 = VI

·         7 = VII

·         8 = VIII

·         9 = IX

·         10 = X

·         11 = XI

·         12 = XII

·         13 = XIII

·         14 = XIV

·         15 = XV

·         16 = XVI

·         17 = XVII

·         18 = XVIII

·         19 = XIX

·         20 = XX

·         30 = XXX

·         40 = XL

·         50 = L

·         60 = LX

·         70 = LXX

·         80 = LXXX

·         90 = XC

·         100 = C

·         150 = CL

·         200 = CC

·         300 = CCC

·         400 = CD

·         500 = D

·         600 = DC

·         700 = DCC

·         800 = DCCC

·         900 = CM

·         1000 = M

·         1600 = MDC

·         1700 = MDCC

·         1900 = MCM