•A
ship is defined and described in size,
shape and form by
a number of particular terms, which are listed below and some of them
are shown in the
figure
just
displayed.
Forward perpendicular
An imaginary line drawn
perpendicular to the waterline at the point where the forward edge of the stem
intersects the summer load line.
After perpendicular
An imaginary line drawn
perpendicular to the waterline, either (1) where the after edge of the rudder
post meets the summer load line, or (2) in cases where no rudder post is fitted, the
centerline of the rudder pintles is taken.
Length between perpendiculars
(LBP)
The distance between the forward
and after perpendiculars, measured along the summer load line.
Length overall (LOA)
The distance between the extreme
points of the ship forward and aft.
Amidships
The point midway between the
forward and after perpendiculars. A special symbol is
used to represent this point.
Extreme breadth
Maximum breadth over the extreme
point’s port and starboard of the ship.
Extreme breadth
Maximum breadth over the extreme
point’s port and starboard of the ship.
Moulded breadth
The greatest breadth of the ship,
measured to the inside edges of
the shell plating.
Extreme draught
Distance from the waterline to the underside of
the keel.
Extreme depth
Depth of the ship from the upper deck to the underside of
the keel.
Moulded draught
The distance from the summer load line to the base
line, measured at the midship section.
Moulded depth
The depth of the ship from the upper deck to the base line,
measured at the midship section
Freeboard
The vertical distance from the
summer load waterline to the top of the freeboard deck plating, measured at the
ship's side amidships. The uppermost complete deck exposed to the weather and
the sea is normally the freeboard deck. The freeboard deck must have permanent
means of closure of all openings in it and below it.
Sheer :The curvature of the deck in a
longitudinal direction. It
is measured between the deck height at midships and the particular point on the
deck.
Camber: The curvature of the deck in a
transverse direction. Camber is measured between the deck height at the centre and the deck height at the side.
Rise of floor:
The height of the bottom shell
plating above the base line. Rise of floor is
measured at the moulded
beam line.
Bilge radius:The radius of the plating joining the
side shell to the bottom shell. It is measured at
midships.
Flat of keel:The width of the horizontal portion of
the bottom shell, measured transversely
Flare: An outward curvature of the side shell at the
forward end above the waterline.
Rake: A line inclined from the vertical or
horizontal.
Parallel
middle body The ship's length for which the midship
section is constant in area and shape.
Parallel Middle
Body: The
ship’s length for which the midship section is constant in area and shape.
Entrance:The immersed body of the ship
forward of the parallel middle body.
Run: The
immersed body of the ship aft of the parallel middle body.
Displacement:
The weight of the ship and its
contents, measured in tonnes. The value will vary according
to the ship's draught.
Lightweight:
The weight of the ship, in tonnes, complete and ready for sea but
without crew, passengers, stores, fuel or cargo on board.
Deadweight:
The difference between the
displacement and the lightweight at any given draught, again measured in tonnes. Deadweight is the weight of
cargo, fuel, stores, etc., that a ship can carry.
Tonnage:
A measure of the internal capacity
of a ship where 100 ft3 or 2.82 m3 represents 1 ton. Two values are
currently in use-the gross tonnage and the net tonnage
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